Plant of the Week 04/14/2003
 
 
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Parrot Pitchers (Sarracenia psittacina)

Sarracenia psittacina Michaux

Photographed by: Chelsie Vandaveer
Credits: Parrot pitchers gift from Mike Rinck
Other Information: Nikon N55, Kodak Gold 200

Parrot pitchers (Sarracenia psittacina Michaux) are native to the southern coastal plain ranging from Louisiana through Alabama, the Florida panhandle, Georgia, and into the tip of South Carolina. Parrot pitchers are naturally found in very wet habitats, often growing on 'hummocks' of Sphagnum moss. The plants even tolerate periods of submersion.

Sarracenia flowers are unique; all species have the same general structure, they vary with size of bloom and color. Each plant generally has only one bloom per year. Sarracenia flower in early spring usually before the plant begins growing new ascidia (hollow leaves).

The flower scape rises from the rhizome (horizontal stem). The flower is nodding and subtended by three small green bracts. The five sepals overlap forming a rigid 'roof' over the remaining floral parts. Connected at the base of the five-chambered ovary are five petals and numerous stamens.

The style extends downward from the ovary and appears as an upside down umbrella. The style has five stigmata which receive the pollen; each stigma is a nub found on the inside of the 'umbrella' at the bottom of the V-shaped cleft. In the parrot pitcher, most of the floral parts are burgundy except the yellow style. The petals hang like little curtains between the stigmata.

Sarracenia flowers are insect pollinated, usually a bee. The insect must push past a petal near the stigma to enter the 'umbrella' and reach the pollen and nectar. If it has Sarracenia pollen on its back from another flower, it will pollinate the stigma. When the insect leaves the flower, it will be covered with more pollen. The insect must push the petal away from the style to emerge. This is easiest at a low area between the stigmata and makes it unlikely that the flower gets pollinated with its own pollen. The petals drop from the flower after a few days.

If the flower is pollinated and the ovules fertilized, the crook of the scape expands lifting the flower upward. The sepals and style remain and may offer some protection to the swelling ovary. When fully ripe, the ovary splits shedding the seeds.

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