The rose bay or oleander (Nerium oleander Linnaeus) is native to the eastern Mediterranean. The genus derives from nerion, the ancient Greek name for this shrub. It is the sole species in its genus, although at one time the desert rose (Adenium obesum, See the Plant of the Week, 08/26/2002) was classified as a Nerium based on the similarity of the flowers.

Single-flowered varieties of oleanders have a funnelform corolla with laciniate (slashed into thin lobes) scales. The overall effect makes the center of the flower appear fringed. The five stamens are twisted together with the pollen produced at the base of the stamens near the pistil, another similarity oleander shares with desert rose. Over four hundred named varieties are known; some are double-flowered and a few are fragrant.

Oleander has an unfortunate reputation due to the number of toxins produced by the plant. At least ten cardioactive glycosides have been identified, the primary poison is oleandrin. All parts are poisonous and as little as one leaf can be fatal to an adult.

There are anecdotal accounts of intentional poisonings, but most are cases of accidental poisonings caused when the branches were used to roast hot dogs or marshmallows over open fires. Some cities have banned oleanders in parks where cookouts are allowed. Fortunately, like many highly toxic plants, oleander has an extremely bitter taste.