How does this carnivore discourage herbivores?
By Chelsie Vandaveer
January 30, 2002
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The pink sundew (Drosera capillaris Poiret) is native to the southeastern U.S. These carnivorous plants are only a few centimeters across. The leaves form a rosette lying flat upon damp soil. Often the sundews appear in colonies ranging from a few plants to a hundred. In full sunlight, the plants turn red. Sundews attract gnats, fruit flies, and small
flying insects.
Sundews glisten because of the sticky secretions on the tips of the glandular trichomes (hairs). There are two types of these glandular trichomes. The longer glands entrap the insect prey. The shorter glands function to further entrap the prey and exude the digestive enzymes.
Sundews flower in the spring. The inflorescences are held well above the sticky leaves. In most species, the inflorescences are circinate (uncurling and blooming from the bottom upward). One or two flowers open each morning and remain open through the day. If the flower is not insect pollinated by sunset, the flowers will self-pollinate. As the petals close, they knock the pollen off the anthers onto the stigma.
It has long been known that sundews are poisonous to grazing animals particularly sheep. At the time Gerard published
his original Herbal in 1597, it was believed, "Cattle of the female kind are stirred up to lust by eating even a small quantity: which thing hath greatly increased their vain opinion, without sense or reason...."
Whose vain opinion is not stated, but as it reads one would think he is referring to the cows' opinion of themselves. Odd animal behavior was probably nothing more than a case of poisoning.
Animals usually recover from sundew toxicity. The grazers seldom eat the plants a second time. Though the sundews are carnivorous, they defend themselves against being eaten.
The Digital Library with Texas A and M University has a photograph of Drosera capillaris taken by James Manhart. To view the photograph, click on the link:
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/mi09/mi09088.jpg
killerPlants Tendrils: ~~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~
Suggested Reading:
Could a carnivorous plant be a cure for smallpox? Herbal Folklore - July 30, 2001
Primrose-flowered butterwort (Pinguicula primuliflora) Plant of the Week - May 12, 2003
What flower moves when touched? Renfield's Garden - August 14, 2002
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Tipitiwitchet (Dionaea muscipula) Plant of the Week - October 28, 2002
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How were butterworts used? Herbal Folklore - May 12, 2003
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