Why were hops added to beer?
By Chelsie Vandaveer
December 12, 2002
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Hops are the strobili (papery cone-like inflorescences) from the female hopbines (Humulus lupulus Linnaeus). It is not known where hopbines (or hopvines) originated, but it is thought they are native to western Asia and Europe. The plants are now grown world-wide and have naturalized in many areas.
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Hops Vine Winter-hardy climber. Grows 20-25 ft. in one season! Bears pale, aromatic hops that look like fuzzy catkins. Grows in full sun on trellis, fence, arbor, or other type of support. Used in brewing beer.
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Hopbines are long-lived; the vine dies back to the ground every winter, but the roots persist for ten to twenty years. Hopbines have hooked trichomes (plant hairs) which cause a rash called hops dermatitis on the hands and face of people frequently in contact with the vines. The vines are related to the Urtica, the stinging nettles. Female hopbine flowers are borne in a strobilus, an inflorescence with bracts subtending the apetalous (without petals) flowers; male flowers are borne on a raceme. The plants are wind-pollinated.
Hops were long used in a tea as a 'nervine sedative' to ease tension, reduce pain, and aid sleep. The addition of hops to beer-brewing began in Europe in the eleventh century. The dried female inflorescence adds flavor and reduces cloudiness in beer. Originally, though, the hops were added for preservation. The glandular trichomes on the bracts produce antibiotic chemicals—humulone, lupulone, and others—which preserves the beer from spoilage by gram negative bacteria.
Henriette Kress has a great photograph of hops (female inflorescences) on the vine taken in Finland. To view the photograph, click on the link:
http://www.henriettesherbal.com/php/get.php?id=5480
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killerPlants Tendrils: ~~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~
Suggested Reading:
What was the willow wolf? What's in a Name? - May 30, 2003
What are flowers of benjamin? Plants that Changed History - June 22, 2004
Why did seafarers plant pineapples? Plants that Changed History - April 16, 2002
What is papain? Plants that Changed History - July 1, 2003
Professionally Designed Gardens
Springhill Nursery®
Spring Hill Nursery has unique gardens professionally designed by experts to take the guesswork out of gardening. Whether you are looking for a three season garden, foundation garden, or a garden to attract hummingbirds and butterflies, Spring Hill Nursery has created a step-by-step design just for you.
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Blue Wisteria
Henry Fields Seed and Nursery®
Incredibly sweet-scented blossoms in late spring.
Blue Wisteria climbs 20 ft. with an elegant, slightly weeping form. Lavender flower clusters droop gracefully from its branches. Support for best results.
Zone 5 to 8
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Bittersweet Vine Collection (3 Plants, 1 male and 2 females.)
Springhill Nursery®
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The Bittersweet Vine Collection is a favorite for everlasting arrangements! Native American vine grows 20-30' with handsome green leaves. In fall, bright yellow seed pods open to reveal bright red berries, for a stunning effect in the landscape or in bouquets.
For fruit, you must plant both male and female plants. This collection includes one male and three females.
Space 3' apart. Shipped in 3" pot.
Celastrus scandens
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One collection contains 3 plants, 1 male and 2 females
Zone 3 to 9
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Crimson Star Climbing Clematis
Springhill Nursery®
To create privacy, highlight an architectural feature or hide an unsightly area, there is no finer choice than this dark crimson red Climbing Clematis. The Crimson Star Climbing Clematis climbs 10-20', spreads 4-10' and produces 4-6" blooms summer through fall. For best results, plant clematis in full sun with roots shaded.
Shipped in 3" pots. Deer tend to avoid.
Zone 3 to 8
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Multi Blue Double Clematis
Springhill Nursery®
A garden treasure since the 16th century!
A thing of beauty should be cherished forever. Like the timeless beauty of the double clematis - some say this breathtaking perennial has been around since the days of Michelangelo and da Vinci!
It's easy to see why - they climb 10-15' with a 4-6' spread and produce dark, enchanting blue-violet 2-1/2" blooms midsummer through fall. Plant Multi Blue Double Clematis in full sun with roots shaded.
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Shipped in 3" pot. Deer tend to avoid. Clematis viticella Zone 3 to 8
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Mailbox Garden
Springhill Nursery®
If you don’t already have a mailbox in front to your house, you may want to add one so you can duplicate this special garden. Or you can substitute a trellis, fencing, wall anchor or any upright, so the Nelly Moser Clematis can form a centerpiece for the supporting cast of daisies and Dragon’s Blood Sedum.
Mailboxes are perfect places to grow the “Queen of clematis”- the beautiful, free flowering, two tone Nelly Moser. The vines are light bounds and smoother themselves in a galaxy of six inch flowers that resemble a starburst.
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The pink and white perennial daisies complement the clematis color, while Dragon’s Blood sedum makes a striking, drought tolerant, well-behaved ground cover.
Every plant in Springhill’s Mailbox garden is individually selected by our nursery professionals for guaranteed growth ad blooming in your area. Order without risk.
A $54.94 catalog value
In this collecting receive:
3- Clara Curtis Daisy
3- Little Miss Muffet Daisy
1- Nelly Moser Clematis
6- Dragon’s Blood Sedum
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Complete Butterfly & Hummingbird Border Garden
Springhill Nursery®
Bright garden color attracts butterflies and hummingbirds in their search for nectar, the sweet liquid from the center of certain flowers. Hummingbirds are especially fascinated by their namesake plant, hummingbird vine, also known as trumpet vine. We offer the giant- flowered, a hardy hybrid variety, Madame Galen, vine that has flowers twice the size of common trumpet vines.
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From midsummer to autumn frosts, the dark, fragrant, lilac like flowers of Black Knight Butterfly Bush will provide a nonstop show and invite clouds of butterflies like no other plant. Other butterfly and hummingbirds friendly perennials complement this vine and shrub combination to create a haven of beauty in your garden.
Order without risk. Every plant is fully guaranteed to grow and bloom in your garden. Along with the Complete Butterfly & Hummingbird Border Garden, you’ll receive full planting instructions and a professional diagram absolutely FREE!
$105.90 Value! In this collection you'll receive:
1- Black Knight Butterfly Bush
1- Madame Galen Trumpet Vine
3- Belladonna Delphinium
3- Jacob Cline Monarda
2- Autumn Red Daylily
3- White Coneflowers
3- Orange Glory Flowers
3- Sweet William
3- Pink Coeopsis
One garden equals 22 prime-quality plants
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