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How did gourds end up in Peru?

By Chelsie Vandaveer

February 27, 2003

Series:  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 5 |  

killerPlants Tendrils: ~~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~

Killer Savings: National Geographic—>Click here

NOVICA—>Click here.

Suggested Reading—>Click here.

Killer Picks: Gourd Seed, Jewelry, Backpacks, Panpipes & more—>Click here.

The Cucurbitaceae, [kew kur bi tay' see ee] the family of cucumbers, pumpkins, squash, and watermelons, contains several fruits that mature hollow and are called gourds. There are an estimated five hundred species in 114 genera within the family. Those useful to humans have numerous varieties; one seed catalog alone offered seventeen cucumbers, ten pumpkins, and seven watermelons. Members of the family are native to different continents; they were domesticated by various cultures. Humans spread cucurbits around the world.

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Mate gourd boxes, 'Pre-Colombian Bird' (pair)

Mate gourd boxes, 'Pre-Colombian Bird' (pair) The art of the past adorns the present in the form of these two original gourd boxes by Tito Medina.

The hummingbird motif recalls Nazca splendor while the wave of ochre birds reminisces the textile grandeur of coastal Peru. Medina hand-crafts these boxes from carefully selected dried gourds, or mates.

The colorful motifs are burnt into the gourds rendering each one unique. Original keepsake boxes, these mate gourds will illume a favored space.
Click here for sale price and more info...
[Gourd Art]  [Andes]  [Novica.com]

Most cucurbits have green or yellow flowers; staminate (male) flowers and pistillate (female) are borne separately on the same plant (monoecious) or on different plants (dioecious). With pollen produced in one flower and the ovules in another, the plants need a pollinator to reproduce.

Cucurbit flowers are generally diurnal (open during the day) and visited by bees, bumblebees, beetles, and even hummingbirds. Unlike most other cucurbits, the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley) is white-flowered and opens nocturnally remaining open into the daylight hours. The flowers are visited by moths, possibly bats, and the daylight pollinators.

The bottle gourd originated in Africa; remnants were found in Egyptian ruins dating to 3500 BCE, ancient Romans and Greeks used these containers, as well as Arabs, Jews, the Maori of New Zealand, Chinese, and Polynesians. The natives of Peru, Mexico, and the desert southwest were using these gourds as early as 7,500 years ago. There are as many varieties of the bottle gourd--dippers, spoons, pipes, ladles, bottles, birdhouses, and bowls--as there are people who cultivated them.

According to Timothy J. Ng, the gourd was present in Thailand in 8,000 BCE, but even earlier in Peru around 12,000 BCE. ("New Opportunities in Cucurbitaceae", 1993, New Crop, Wiley, NY) Certainly humans spread the seeds through trade, but it is thought the gourd, impervious to seawater, floated from Africa to the coast of Peru.


Peter v. Sengbusch with the University of Hamburg, Faculty of Biology has posted great photographs of Lagenaria siceraria drying on thatched roofs, cut for bleaching in the sun, and decorated. To view the photographs, click on the link:

Click here to view the photographs

 

Series:  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 5 |  

killerPlants Tendrils: ~~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~

 

Suggested Reading:

How were gourds shaped into objects of art? Renfield's Garden - February 26, 2003
What was the currency of King Henri I? What's in a Name? - February 28, 2003
What fruit crop may pre-date agriculture? Plants that Changed History - February 25, 2003
What was the citrull cucumber? What's in a Name? - January 30, 2004
What is a toddy? What's in a Name? - January 2, 2004
How were gourds used as curatives? Herbal Folklore - February 24, 2003

Large and Small Gourd Seed Packets

Gurney's Seed and Nursery®

Arts-and-crafts ideal mix--wide range of sizes, shapes and colors for Large & small Gourds.
Click here - $20 off your first order at Gurneys!


Pink opal and quartz choker, 'Masterpiece'

Pink opal and quartz choker, 'Masterpiece'

Peruvian designer Ilaria creates a jeweled masterpiece with pink opals and quartz crystals. Her original design proudly bears the influence of Inca elegance, which is cast of Peruvian silver. .950 rating silver.


  More info...

Amethyst choker, 'Violet Teardrop'

Amethyst choker, 'Violet Teardrop'

Ilaria links two sterling chains in a delicate circlet. Centered by an amethyst, it features a long gemstone pendant. Silver diamonds and crystal quartz culminate in a lilac teardrop. Lemon quartz graces both sides of the choker. .925 rating silver


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Amazonite necklace, 'Reign of Sparrows'

Amazonite necklace, 'Reign of Sparrows'

Ilaria celebrates Nature with the spectacular design of this necklace. The central pendant features two argent sparrows flying towards amazonite treasures that continue to bathe the chain's silver flowers. Shimmering spheres dangle from this exquisite necklace as Ilaria transmits the distinctive elegance of Peruvian jewelries. .950 rating silver.


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Gourd rhythm instrument, 'Birds and Flowers'

Gourd rhythm instrument, 'Birds and Flowers'

Hummingbirds hover over a nectar-filled blossom, their busy wings whirring. The vivid image adorns a huiro by Tito Medina. He crafts it from a mate gourd, using a sharp burin to carve the motifs before adding color with smoke and ash; a coat of varnish protects the piece. A rhythm instrument used since pre-Hispanic times, the huiro contains dried beans that rattle when it is shaken; in addition, a row of grooves adorns one side ? these are scraped with a polished eucalyptus wood stick for an interesting sound. There may be slight variations in tone, form, or imagery from those pictured; they ensure the uniqueness of the artwork.


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Bamboo zampo?a panpipes, 'Malta Profesional'

Bamboo zampoņa panpipes, 'Malta Profesional'

From Dionisio Quilla comes this delightful zampoņa, a bamboo panpipe of glorious tunes that recall the wind blowing across the majestic Peruvian highlands. zampoņa is an essential instrument to accompany the folk music of Peru and especially the high Andes, where this instrument is widely used.

This zampoņa is considered to be of superior, professional quality - hence Malta Professional, for it comprises two tiers of flutes, one of six the other of seven pipes, to procure the perfect pitch. With a lifetime dedicated to the elaboration of Peruvian traditional instruments, Quilla states, "The making of professional instruments is a delicate endeavor - not only because of the special material but also for the tonalities it's meant to produce."

Quilla displays his expertise by carefully selecting the bamboo reeds according to the notes he wishes to produce and holds the reeds together with a small wooden slab. A brightly colored wool band creates a stunning decorative accent and includes an equally colorful sheep wool encasing. Enjoy the harmonious melodies of Peru with the sweet sounds of this zampoņa.


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Wool backpack, 'Andean Rainbow'

Wool backpack, 'Andean Rainbow'

Rainbow colors illuminate handloomed wool, expressed in natural dyes as stripes and pre-Hispanic motifs. Working with his family, Faustino Maldonado transforms the fabric into a handsome backpack. Its convenient front pocket closes with buttons crafted from the mate gourd.


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Wool rug, 'Fish and Frogs' (2x3)

Wool rug, 'Fish and Frogs' (2x3)

Triangles conjure angel fish swimming nose to nose. Surrounded by geometric motifs, they grace a radiant rug by Zosimo Laura. A rich combination of earth tones and pastels settles beautifully on cream-colored wool. Titled "Ranas y Peces" in Spanish.


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Leather backpack bag, 'Maroon Inca Pathways'

Leather backpack bag, 'Maroon Inca Pathways'

Elegant and versatile, this bag is shaped like a backpack with adjustable straps. It has three external pockets, two adorned with insets of handloomed wool.The bag features an inner pocket with zipper closure. The design is by Renzo Dante Costa.


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Leather and cedar accent table, 'Cumbres, Country Collection'

Leather and cedar accent table, 'Cumbres, Country Collection'

"This table is from my latest 'Country' collection," explains Abel Rios as he presents this magnificent accent table. "The collection showcases my expertise with leather and wood, and features forged iron accents, a new field I'm currently exploring." Hand-crafted from cedar wood, the table stands on turned mohena wood legs. Rios finds a theme in Spanish colonial furniture for this lovely design.


  More info...
    
killerplants Recommended Smart Stores
Your Trusted Museum Store Company Shop at the Discovery Channel Store.
National Geographic NOVICA

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