How did gourds end up in Peru?
By Chelsie Vandaveer
February 27, 2003
Series: | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 |
killerPlants Tendrils: ~~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~
Killer Savings: National Geographic—>Click here
NOVICA—>Click here.
Suggested Reading—>Click here.
Killer Picks: Gourd Seed, Jewelry, Backpacks, Panpipes & more—>Click here.
The Cucurbitaceae, [kew kur bi tay' see ee] the family of cucumbers, pumpkins, squash, and watermelons, contains several fruits that mature hollow and are called gourds. There are an estimated five hundred species in 114 genera within the family. Those useful to humans have numerous varieties; one seed catalog alone offered seventeen cucumbers, ten pumpkins, and seven watermelons. Members of the family are native to different continents; they were domesticated by various cultures. Humans spread cucurbits around the world.
Most cucurbits have green or yellow flowers; staminate (male) flowers and pistillate (female) are borne separately on the same plant (monoecious) or on different plants (dioecious). With pollen produced in one flower and the ovules in another, the plants need a pollinator to reproduce.
Cucurbit flowers are generally diurnal (open during the day) and visited by bees, bumblebees, beetles, and even hummingbirds. Unlike most other cucurbits, the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley) is white-flowered and opens nocturnally remaining open into the daylight hours. The flowers are visited by moths, possibly bats, and the daylight pollinators.
The bottle gourd originated in Africa; remnants were found in Egyptian ruins dating to 3500 BCE, ancient Romans and Greeks used these containers, as well as Arabs, Jews, the Maori of New Zealand, Chinese, and Polynesians. The natives of Peru, Mexico, and the desert southwest were using these gourds as early as 7,500 years ago. There are as many varieties of the bottle gourd--dippers, spoons, pipes, ladles, bottles, birdhouses, and bowls--as there are people who cultivated them.
According to Timothy J. Ng, the gourd was present in Thailand in 8,000 BCE, but even earlier in Peru around 12,000 BCE. ("New Opportunities in Cucurbitaceae", 1993, New Crop, Wiley, NY) Certainly humans spread the seeds through trade, but it is thought the gourd, impervious to seawater, floated from Africa to the coast of Peru.
Peter v. Sengbusch with the University of Hamburg, Faculty of Biology has posted great photographs of Lagenaria siceraria drying on thatched roofs, cut for bleaching in the sun, and decorated. To view the photographs, click on the link:
Click here to view the photographs
Series: | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 |
killerPlants Tendrils: ~~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~
Suggested Reading:
How were gourds shaped into objects of art? Renfield's Garden - February 26, 2003
What was the currency of King Henri I? What's in a Name? - February 28, 2003
What fruit crop may pre-date agriculture? Plants that Changed History - February 25, 2003
What was the citrull cucumber? What's in a Name? - January 30, 2004
What is a toddy? What's in a Name? - January 2, 2004
How were gourds used as curatives? Herbal Folklore - February 24, 2003
Large and Small Gourd Seed Packets
Gurney's Seed and Nursery®
Arts-and-crafts ideal mix--wide range of sizes, shapes and colors for Large & small Gourds.
Click here - $20 off your first order at Gurneys!
|