What is a xylothek?
By Chelsie Vandaveer
July 4, 2003
killerPlants Tendrils: ~~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~
Suggested Reading—>Click here.
Assorted Killer Savings Garden Links—>Click here.
Killer Picks: Chateau Anjou Demi-Desk—>Click here.
Charles II Armchair, Abbotsford House Victorian Sofa, San Giacomo Side Table—>Click here.
Sir Benedict's Library Table, Swan Fainting Couch, Historic Monk's Bench—>Click here.
La VoÛte Grande Crescent Mahogany Executive Desk—>Click here.
Specimens--pressed, dried, and mounted on sheets of paper--are the only way of authenticating and providing a permanent record of plant species. The herbarium sheet contains the collector's name, the date, the location of the plant, and any other details that might be important. The herbarium specimen allows the tracking of variation in species, provides clues to changes in the environment, and verifies invasions and extinctions. Herbarium specimens are a legacy.
Some plants, particularly trees, do not lend well to mounting on paper. The xylothek [zi lo tek] was a solution; most were made in Germany. The name comes from the Greek, xylon or wood, and bibliothek, the German word for library. The xylothek (sometimes spelled xylotheque) is literally a library of wood, a collection of book-like boxes made from trees--the wood and bark with the seeds, leaves, flowers, fruit--or illustrations of the soft parts, inside.
Clemenz Heinrich Wehdemann wrote of trees, painted trees, and fashioned boxes from trees. Born in Kingdom of Hanover in 1762, he entered the army of the Dutch East Indies Company and was stationed in the Cape, South Africa in 1784. The fortunes of war made him jobless in 1795, a soldier again in 1802, and jobless again in 1806.
Around 1820, Wehdemann began building a xylothek; he crafted boxes from the wood of South African trees and placed inside each box a painting and samples from that tree. His xylothek consisted of sixty boxes, each a record of a tree species.
Wehdemann's xylothek was sold in Cape Town in 1827 and shipped to Scotland. He lived the last years of his life homeless, granted a room on another man's farm. When Wehdemann died in 1836, it was recorded that he owned a violin, a bed made of straw, a chair, and a table--no record of his paints, brushes, or woodworking tools. Fifty-two volumes of his xylothek returned to Africa in 1906, eight were lost. Two hundred years after Wehdemann's birth, his xylothek found a home in South Africa's Botanical Research Institute. ("The botanist who made boxes", South African Journal of Science, Volume 94, No. 1, January 1998)
Xylotheks were made in Europe and Japan, the art never caught on in other parts of the world. There are no photographs of Wehdemann's, but there are other exquisite examples of xylotheks. The Museum of Sternwarte Kremsmünster has posted a photograph of their xylothek on the Object of the Month (December, 1997) page. To view a beautiful example of this forgotten craft, click on the link:
http://cisto.at/stift/xylothek.html
The Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem has posted a page on Japanese xylotheks. To view this art and a cabinet made for the collection, click on the link:
http://www.bgbm.org/BGBM/museum/expo/1998/xylothek.htm
killerPlants Tendrils: ~~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~
Suggested Reading:
What is an artichoke? Weird Plants - January 22, 2004
Stiff Marsh Bedstraw (Galium tinctorium) Plant of the Week - July 12, 2004
What were the Roman calends? What's in a Name? - February 22, 2002
What is fagot-wood? Plants that Changed History - March 18, 2003
What pain-killer came from a strewing herb? Herbal Folklore - December 10, 2001
Killer Savings Links:
Breck's Bulbs -$25 off—>Click here.
Gurney's Seed and Nursery -$20 off—>Click here.
Henry Fields Seed and Nursery -$20 off—>Click here.
Spring Hill Nursery -$20 off—>Click here.
Gardens Alive! -$20 off—>Click here.
Michigan Bulb -$20 off—>Click here.
Unique Professionally Designed Gardens
Springhill Nursery®
Spring Hill Nursery has unique gardens professionally designed by experts to take the guesswork out of gardening. Whether you are looking for a three season garden, foundation garden, or a garden to attract hummingbirds and butterflies, Spring Hill Nursery has created a step-by-step design just for you.
Click here - $20 off your first order at Spring Hill Nursery!
|