Who was Tantalus?
By Chelsie Vandaveer
July 30, 2004
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Tantalus was a wealthy king. Some legends say he ruled from Mount Sipylus in Lydia, some say he was king of Corinth or maybe Argos. Zeus favored Tantalus and invited him to a feast to share the nectar and ambrosia of the gods. While dining, Zeus spoke of secrets and gave divine counsel to Tantalus. These were things not for other mortal's ears. But Tantalus did not keep these counsels secret.
Another legend says Tantalus stole nectar and ambrosia from Zeus's table and shared these with his friends, mere mortals. A third states it was the theft of a golden dog, guardian of Zeus's temple in Crete. Tantalus hid the dog and denied having it when Hermes came to retrieve the golden guardian. Whatever Tantalus had done, Zeus was furious. He condemned Tantalus to stand in a lake deep within the kingdom of Hades. (Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., John Murray, Albemarle St., London, 1902)
After the Trojan War, Odysseus and his crew journeyed to many lands before the gods allowed them to return home. One of these sojourns was to the land of the dead. "And I saw Tantalos also, suffering hard pains, standing in lake water that came up to his chin, and thirsty as he was, he tried to drink, but could capture nothing; for every time the old man, trying to drink, stooped over, the water would drain away and disappear, and the black earth showed at his feet, and the divinity dried it away.
"Over his head trees with lofty branches had fruit like a shower descending, pear trees and pomegranate trees and apple trees with fruit shining, and figs that were sweet and olives ripened well, but each time the old man would straighten up and reach with his hands for them, the wind would toss them away toward the clouds overhanging." (The Odyssey of Homer, translated by Richard Lattimore, Harper Perennial Books, 1967)
Tantalus's punishment was a warning not to cross the gods. Although the legend is mostly lost, Tantalus remains in our language. One who is "tantalized" is one who holds out hope or prospects that can never be realized.
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Gods And Goddesses DVD
The History Channel®
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The Greek pantheon of gods acted like a dysfunctional feuding family. Though all-powerful, the deities displayed near-human frailties, involving themselves in wars and petty jealousies of their mortal subjects. It was a formula for success--for thousands of years, the Olympian gods and their exploits were woven into the fabric of Greek society, and even today, their influence is still felt in the ancient nation.
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Ancient Mysteries: Mystical Monuments of Ancient Greece
A&E®
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The glorious temples of Athens's Acropolis bear silent witness to the high point of Ancient Greece's fabled civilization. Built during the rule of the legendary Pericles the most powerful leader in Athens's history majestic temples like the Parthenon and the Erectheum amaze us to this day. Yet what was the real purpose of these stunning structures at the heart of the finest city in the ancient world? Were they the centerpiece of a truly civilized society and the symbols of a new form of government known as democracy? Or were they the seat of a brutal cult devoted to Athena, goddess of wisdom and war?
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In Search of History: The Greek Gods DVD
The History Channel®
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Their exploits were recorded in stories passed down from generation to generation, their images the basis of some of the most beautiful artworks ever created, and their names echo through history to this day.
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The History Channel®
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National Geographic®
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In Deep Ancestry, scientist and explorer Spencer Wells shows how tiny genetic changes add up over time into a fascinating story. Using scores of real-life examples, helpful analogies, and detailed diagrams and illustrations, he translates complicated concepts into accessible language and explains exactly how each and every individual's DNA contributes another piece to the jigsaw puzzle of human history. The book takes readers inside the Genographic Project, the landmark study now assembling the world's largest collection of DNA samples and employing the latest in testing technology and computer analysis to examine hundreds of thousands of genetic profiles from all over the globe.
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